Competitive Class: BCA Study Material 4th Sem

BCS - 40 Statistical techniques

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Most
of us associate 'statistics' with the bits of data that appear in news reports:
Cricket </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">batting
averages, imported car sales, average high temperature on a particular day etc. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Advertisements
often claim that data show the superiority of the advertiser's product. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">The
word statistics, which is derived from the word 'state', entered the English </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">vocabulary
in the eighteenth century. It was used then, and still is used, to mean one or </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">more
sets of numerical data on various items like population, taxes, wealth,
exports, </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">imports,
crop production, etc., which are of interest to state officials. There are two </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">ways
to use the word statistics. If we say 'statistics is', we are generally
referring to the </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">science
of statistics. If we say 'the statistics are', we are refemng to numbers such
as </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">batting
averages, the number of unemployed during the month of October, or the </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">number
of deaths from malaria during a given year. It is hard to come up with a
concise </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">definition
of statistics because it is a broad subject that has many facets. Commonly, it </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">is
believed that statistics involves the collection, organisation, analysis, and </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">interpretation
of data.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Download from Google Drive</span><br />
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BCS - 40 Statistical techniques

Most of us associate 'statistics' with the bits of data that appear in news reports: Cricket batting averages, imported car sa...

BCS - 41 Fundamentals of Computer Networks

0 BCA Study Material 4th Sem 6:15 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">This
is the first unit of our course on Fundamentals of Computer Networks. It will introduce
you to some of the basic concepts of data communication and computer networking.
In other words, though this unit we would like to explain the “What, Why, When,
How, Where” of data communication. In the beginning, you will be introduced with
the concept of communication and “communication system”. Once you understand the
communication system and its components, we think other areas will be simpler
for you. Different forms of data communication are further introduced to you in
this unit. Next, we will discuss about various modes of communications. This
unit will eventually cover an introduction to computer networking, networking
protocols and standards, those are necessary for any effective communication. In
the end of our unit, we will discuss various applications of data communication
and computer networking.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Download from Google Drive</span><br />
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BCS - 41 Fundamentals of Computer Networks

This is the first unit of our course on Fundamentals of Computer Networks. It will introduce you to some of the basic concepts of data ...

BCS - 42 Introduction to Algorithm Design

0 BCA Study Material 4th Sem 6:14 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
word “Algorithm” comes from the Persian author Abdullah Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa
Al-khowarizmi in ninth century, who has given the definition of algorithm as
follows: An Algorithm is a set of rules for carrying out calculation either by
hand or on a machine. An Algorithm is a well defined computational procedure
that takes input and produces output. An Algorithm is a finite sequence of
instructions or steps (i.e. inputs) to achieve some particular output.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Any
Algorithm must satisfy the following criteria (or Properties) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1. Input: It
generally requires finite no. of inputs. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2. Output: It must produce at least
one output. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3. Uniqueness: Each instruction should be clear and unambiguous </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.
Finiteness: It must terminate offer a finite no. of steps. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Analysis Issues of
algorithm is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.
WHAT DATA STRUCTURES TO USE! (Lists, queues, stacks, heaps, trees, etc.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.
IS IT CORRECT! (All or only most of the time?)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.
HOW EFFICIENT IS IT! (Asymptotically fixed or does it depend on the inputs?)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">4.
IS THERE AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM!! (i.e. P = NP or not)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Download from Google Drive </span><br />
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BCS - 42 Introduction to Algorithm Design

The word “Algorithm” comes from the Persian author Abdullah Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa Al-khowarizmi in ninth century, who has given the d...

BCSL - 44 Statistical Techniques Lab

0 BCA Study Material 4th Sem 6:14 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Descriptive
Statistics deals with the process of identification of characteristics of
collected data. The data collected from many sources may be of different type.
You may like to arrange such data so that you may be able to draw logical
conclusions from it. You may use several techniques to describe characteristics
of data. These techniques may involve graphical representation of data,
measures of finding central tendencies of data and summarisation of data by
finding the data dispersion and variability. Once the data has been described,
the next step would be to draw reliable conclusions using the sample data for
the entire population. This section elaborates use of some of the data
distributions that are used in statistical analysis – t, chi-square and F
distributions. This section also deals with hypothesis testing and test of
significance. You are advised to go through BCS-040/ Block1 and 2, before going
through this unit.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Download from Google Drive</span><br />
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BCSL - 44 Statistical Techniques Lab

Descriptive Statistics deals with the process of identification of characteristics of collected data. The data collected from many sour...

MCS - 024 Object Oriented Technologies and Java Programming

0 BCA Study Material 4th Sem 6:14 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Since
the invention of the computer, many approaches of program development have
evolved. These include modular programming, top-down programming, bottom-up
programming and structured programming. The primary motivation in each case has
been the concern to handle the increasing complexity of programs to be reliable
and maintainable. These techniques became popular among programmers in 1970s
and 1980s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Due
to the popularity of C language, structured programming became very popular and
was the main technique of the 1980s. Later this technique also failed to show
the desired performance in terms of maintainability, reusability and
reliability.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">As
a result of this realisation, a new methodology known as Object oriented
programming emerges. This approach to program organization and development
attempts to eliminate some of the pitfalls of conventional programming by
incorporating the best of the structured programming features with several
powerful new concepts. This approach speeds the development of new programs, and,
if properly used, improves the maintenance, reusability, and modifiability of
software.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Download from Google Drive</span><br />
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MCS - 024 Object Oriented Technologies and Java Programming

Since the invention of the computer, many approaches of program development have evolved. These include modular programming, top-down p...

MCSL - 016 Internet Concepts and Web Design

0 BCA Study Material 4th Sem 6:14 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Internet
is a hot topic today. It has </span>revolutionized<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> the way we live, work, learn and communicate
with each other. It has opened up new gateways of opportunities for education
and helped increase productivity, as well efficiency in areas like healthcare, banking,
governance, and manufacturing all over the world. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">As
IT Professionals we have to deal with the whole range of Web technologies starting
from the Internet, i.e. to HTML, Advanced HTML, Java Script, VB Script, XML,
COM, JSP, ASP, Dream weaver, etc. The purpose of the course is to introduce some
of these technologies. In the first Block of course, we study how to design specific
page and dynamic web pages. We will also examine forms and frames, two of the
most important features of the web pages. The second part of the course, we focus
on the practical issues. Each topic is covered in the 10 practical sessions of three
hours duration each.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Download from Google Drive</span><br />
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MCSL - 016 Internet Concepts and Web Design

Internet is a hot topic today. It has revolutionized the way we live, work, learn and communicate with each other. It has opened up n...

BCS - 40 Statistical techniques

BCS - 41 Fundamentals of Computer Networks

BCS - 42 Introduction to Algorithm Design

BCSL - 44 Statistical Techniques Lab

MCS - 024 Object Oriented Technologies and Java Programming

MCSL - 016 Internet Concepts and Web Design

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