Competitive Class

BCS - 42 Introduction to Algorithm Design

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
word “Algorithm” comes from the Persian author Abdullah Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa
Al-khowarizmi in ninth century, who has given the definition of algorithm as
follows: An Algorithm is a set of rules for carrying out calculation either by
hand or on a machine. An Algorithm is a well defined computational procedure
that takes input and produces output. An Algorithm is a finite sequence of
instructions or steps (i.e. inputs) to achieve some particular output.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Any
Algorithm must satisfy the following criteria (or Properties) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1. Input: It
generally requires finite no. of inputs. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2. Output: It must produce at least
one output. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3. Uniqueness: Each instruction should be clear and unambiguous </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.
Finiteness: It must terminate offer a finite no. of steps. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Analysis Issues of
algorithm is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.
WHAT DATA STRUCTURES TO USE! (Lists, queues, stacks, heaps, trees, etc.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.
IS IT CORRECT! (All or only most of the time?)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.
HOW EFFICIENT IS IT! (Asymptotically fixed or does it depend on the inputs?)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">4.
IS THERE AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM!! (i.e. P = NP or not)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Download from Google Drive </span><br />
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BCS - 42 Introduction to Algorithm Design

The word “Algorithm” comes from the Persian author Abdullah Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa Al-khowarizmi in ninth century, who has given the d...

BCSL - 44 Statistical Techniques Lab

0 BCA Study Material 4th Sem 6:14 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Descriptive
Statistics deals with the process of identification of characteristics of
collected data. The data collected from many sources may be of different type.
You may like to arrange such data so that you may be able to draw logical
conclusions from it. You may use several techniques to describe characteristics
of data. These techniques may involve graphical representation of data,
measures of finding central tendencies of data and summarisation of data by
finding the data dispersion and variability. Once the data has been described,
the next step would be to draw reliable conclusions using the sample data for
the entire population. This section elaborates use of some of the data
distributions that are used in statistical analysis – t, chi-square and F
distributions. This section also deals with hypothesis testing and test of
significance. You are advised to go through BCS-040/ Block1 and 2, before going
through this unit.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
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BCSL - 44 Statistical Techniques Lab

Descriptive Statistics deals with the process of identification of characteristics of collected data. The data collected from many sour...

MCS - 024 Object Oriented Technologies and Java Programming

0 BCA Study Material 4th Sem 6:14 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Since
the invention of the computer, many approaches of program development have
evolved. These include modular programming, top-down programming, bottom-up
programming and structured programming. The primary motivation in each case has
been the concern to handle the increasing complexity of programs to be reliable
and maintainable. These techniques became popular among programmers in 1970s
and 1980s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Due
to the popularity of C language, structured programming became very popular and
was the main technique of the 1980s. Later this technique also failed to show
the desired performance in terms of maintainability, reusability and
reliability.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">As
a result of this realisation, a new methodology known as Object oriented
programming emerges. This approach to program organization and development
attempts to eliminate some of the pitfalls of conventional programming by
incorporating the best of the structured programming features with several
powerful new concepts. This approach speeds the development of new programs, and,
if properly used, improves the maintenance, reusability, and modifiability of
software.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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MCS - 024 Object Oriented Technologies and Java Programming

Since the invention of the computer, many approaches of program development have evolved. These include modular programming, top-down p...

MCSL - 016 Internet Concepts and Web Design

0 BCA Study Material 4th Sem 6:14 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Internet
is a hot topic today. It has </span>revolutionized<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> the way we live, work, learn and communicate
with each other. It has opened up new gateways of opportunities for education
and helped increase productivity, as well efficiency in areas like healthcare, banking,
governance, and manufacturing all over the world. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">As
IT Professionals we have to deal with the whole range of Web technologies starting
from the Internet, i.e. to HTML, Advanced HTML, Java Script, VB Script, XML,
COM, JSP, ASP, Dream weaver, etc. The purpose of the course is to introduce some
of these technologies. In the first Block of course, we study how to design specific
page and dynamic web pages. We will also examine forms and frames, two of the
most important features of the web pages. The second part of the course, we focus
on the practical issues. Each topic is covered in the 10 practical sessions of three
hours duration each.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Download from Google Drive</span><br />
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MCSL - 016 Internet Concepts and Web Design

Internet is a hot topic today. It has revolutionized the way we live, work, learn and communicate with each other. It has opened up n...

BCS - 031 Programming in C ++

0 BCA Study Material 3rd Sem 6:06 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
computer programs are the means used by human beings for communication with the
machines especially the computers. As you all know, programs or the software
contain instructions for the hardware to accept inputs, to process those inputs
according to the instructions and to produce information as per the
instructions contained in the program. The term ‘programming’ today is used to
define the solution to a specific problem to be solved with the help of
programs and it is said to define its solutions in terms of its design,
creation, testing, debugging, implementation and its maintenance. Throughout
the history of programming, ever increasing complexity of the problems to be
solved using computers has encouraged the researchers and developers to evolve
better means to manage this complexity. Complexity and intended areas of
application coupled with some other factors have led to the evolution of a
number of programming paradigms. Various programming languages are in use today
depending upon various existing programming paradigms. The structured
programming and the Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) paradigms are the two
paradigms that have been drawing attention of programmers for last so many
years. The term OOP was used by Xerox PARC for the first time in its
programming language, Smalltalk referring to the usage of objects as
computational units for processing. The language Smalltalk itself got its
inspiration from another OOP language called Simula 67 developed under the
aegis of Simula Project in late 60s. The feature of inheritance introduced for
the first time in Smalltalk allowed it to surpass both Simula 67 as well as
other analog programming systems. Simula 67 and Smalltalk paved the way for
many other OOP languages including C++ by 1980s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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BCS - 031 Programming in C ++

The computer programs are the means used by human beings for communication with the machines especially the computers. As you all know,...

MCS - 014 System Analysis and Design

0 BCA Study Material 3rd Sem 6:05 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
general, a System is based on Input-Process-Output (IPO model). Manual work can
be replaced by computerized system for accuracy and speed of processing. So,
before the development of any computerized system, developers should also
understand all basic concepts about the system. To develop a system, a standard
Methodology must be considered. Different approaches are available for the
development of a system. Selecting the best approach is the responsibility of
systems analyst and this selection is based on the requirements of end user,
problem definition and the infrastructure provided. Standard principles should
be followed for the development of good quality software.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
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MCS - 014 System Analysis and Design

In general, a System is based on Input-Process-Output (IPO model). Manual work can be replaced by computerized system for accuracy and ...

MCS - 021 Data and File Structures

0 BCA Study Material 3rd Sem 6:05 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A
common person’s belief is that a computer can do anything. This is far from
truth. In reality, computer can perform only certain predefined instructions.
The formal representation of this model as a sequence of instructions is called
an algorithm, and coded algorithm, in a specific computer language is called a
program. Analysis of algorithms has been an area of research in computer
science; evolution of very high speed computers has not diluted the need for
the design of time-efficient algorithms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Complexity
theory in computer science is a part of theory of computation dealing with the
resources required during computation to solve a given problem. The most common
resources are time (how many steps (time) does it take to solve a problem) and
space (how much memory does it take to solve a problem). It may be noted that
complexity theory differs from computability theory, which deals with whether a
problem can be solved or not through algorithms, regardless of the resources
required.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Analysis
of Algorithms is a field of computer science whose overall goal is understand
the complexity of algorithms. While an extremely large amount of research work
is devoted to the worst-case evaluations, the focus in these pages is methods
for average-case. One can easily grasp that the focus has shifted from computer
to computer programming and then to creation of an algorithm. This is algorithm
design, heart of problem solving.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Download from Google Drive </span><br />
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MCS - 021 Data and File Structures

A common person’s belief is that a computer can do anything. This is far from truth. In reality, computer can perform only certain pred...

MCS - 023 Introduction to Database Management Systems

0 BCA Study Material 3rd Sem 6:04 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Database systems are pervasive. They are present in
every segment of commercial, academic and virtual world. They are required as
the backbone of any information system, enterprise resource planning, research
activities and other activity that require permanence of data storage. Database
management systems manage data more efficiently and effectively. Presently
almost all popular commercially available database management system support
relational model although many extensions of this model have been in existence.
Some of these DBMSs have been extended to include many advanced features such
as object-oriented support for graphical objects, vary large objects etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This course is an attempt to provide you with the
basic information about relational database management system and their
development. This course also provides the basic conceptual background
necessary to design and develop simple database system. Some of the basic
objectives of the course are to:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Provide an introduction to the needs of
DBMS</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Describe the features of Relational and
ER models</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Write SQL queries, create forms and
queries</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Draw ER diagrams and design databases</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Discuss the features for Recovery,
Concurrency and Security in DBMS.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The course is divided into four blocks.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Block 1 covers the basic concepts of RDBMS including
the three level database Architecture, the two most important models for
databases; the relational and entity relationship models, the integrity
requirements of databases, issues relating to normalisation of database and
basics about the conventional file organisation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Block 2 is an attempt to provide you details on the
structured query language (SQL), the standard query language of commercial
DBMS. In addition, the concepts of Database Recovery, transaction management
and security have also been covered in this Block. This block also introduces
the concepts of the distributed and client server database.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Block 3 and Block 4 are oriented towards development
of a database system using DBMS software. Before, reading these blocks, you
must thoroughly go through the concepts given in block 1 and block 2 as they
will be required for any relational database management system application
development. Block 3 focuses on database development steps involving creation
of tables, relationships among tables, forms, reports and queries using the
tools of a DBMS. Block 4 on the other hand highlights the complete process of
development of a Database system for an organisation. It also briefs the
process of the system development.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RDBMS technologies are growing at a very fast pace. You
must keep up pace with it. Specially in the client-server levels of databases,
server side will be the designs you undertake here, whereas client side
development may involve various tools that may be available with the DBMS such
as report writers, form designers, ER diagramming tools etc. You must try to
practice on available DBMSs on Linux and Windows operating systems.</span><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Download from Google Drive </span><br />
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MCS - 023 Introduction to Database Management Systems

Database systems are pervasive. They are present in every segment of commercial, academic and virtual world. They are required as the b...

MCS - 015 Communication Skills

0 BCA Study Material 2nd Sem 12:08 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We all engage in communication with others right
from our birth. When we interact with others we are communicating with them.
Right now I am communicating with you through this unit and while you are
reading it you, too, are in fact communicating with me through this text.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is often said that we live in an age of
communication characterized by speed, efficiency, and the ability to transcend
physical or geographical limitations. But what does it mean to communicate? The
dictionary definition is ‘to exchange (thoughts) or make known (information or
feelings) by speech, writing or other means, to transmit’. Communication is
more than just messaging or swapping information. It involves not just words,
but the use of all our senses. With face-to-face dialogue, our facial
expression, tone, body language, ability to listen with patience, all
contribute to the conveying of messages and information between people.</span><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
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MCS - 015 Communication Skills

We all engage in communication with others right from our birth. When we interact with others we are communicating with them. Right now...

MCS - 013 Discrete Math

0 BCA Study Material 2nd Sem 12:07 PM

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Logic is the study and analysis of the nature of the
valid argument, the reasoning tool by which valid inferences can be drawn from
a given set of facts and premises. It is the basis on which all the sciences
are built. Logic was extensively studied and developed in ancient Greece. But
the mathematical theory of logic, called symbolic logic, only came into its own
in the 19th century. This algebraic way of studying arguments was developed by
the English mathematician George Boole (1815-1864).</span><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
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MCS - 013 Discrete Math

Logic is the study and analysis of the nature of the valid argument, the reasoning tool by which valid inferences can be drawn from a g...

BCS - 42 Introduction to Algorithm Design

BCSL - 44 Statistical Techniques Lab

MCS - 024 Object Oriented Technologies and Java Programming

MCSL - 016 Internet Concepts and Web Design

BCS - 031 Programming in C ++

MCS - 014 System Analysis and Design

MCS - 021 Data and File Structures

MCS - 023 Introduction to Database Management Systems

MCS - 015 Communication Skills

MCS - 013 Discrete Math

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